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Recent Advances in Plant Molecular Biology for Stress Tolerance in Crops: A Review


Recent Advances in Plant Molecular Biology for Stress Tolerance in Crops: A Review

Volume 2 Issue 3 ( July - September ) 2024 OPEN ACCESS

Author(s):

Dr. Bharti Vijay

Keywords:

Stress Tolerance, Abiotic Stress, Transcription Factors, CRISPR/Cas9, Plant Biotechnology, Molecular Biology, Crop Improvement, Drought, Salinity.

Abstract:

Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, pose significant challenges to crop productivity worldwide. In the face of climate change, understanding the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in plants is critical for developing resilient crop varieties. This review explores recent advances in plant molecular biology, focusing on the identification and functional characterization of key genes and regulatory pathways involved in stress tolerance mechanisms. We examine the roles of molecular players such as transcription factors, ion channels, osmotic regulators, and protein chaperones in mediating stress responses. Additionally, we discuss innovative biotechnological tools, including CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, RNA interference, and functional genomics, that are accelerating the development of stress-resistant crops. Finally, we consider the challenges and future prospects for translating these molecular insights into practical breeding strategies for crop improvement.

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